Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions — Article 51
The central provision on civilian protection in international armed conflict, prohibiting attacks on civilians, terror campaigns against civilian populations, and indiscriminate attacks that fail to distinguish between military and civilian targets.
A Tomahawk cruise missile struck a girls' elementary school in Minab, Iran, killing up to 180 schoolchildren in one of the deadliest single incidents of civilian harm in the 2026 Iran war. …
A US Tomahawk cruise missile struck the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls' elementary school in Minab, Hormozgan province, Iran, on February 28, 2026, …
The school was 'triple-tapped' — struck three distinct times. Analysis showed missiles hit a nearby military base and the school but …
US airstrikes killed 68 detained African migrants sleeping in a Sa'ada detention center during Operation Rough Rider. Amnesty International's investigation found no evidence the facility was a …
US airstrikes hit a migrant detention center in Sa'ada, Yemen at approximately 5:00 AM on April 28, 2025, while 115 detained migrants were …
Victims were primarily Ethiopian and Somali migrants detained by Houthi authorities solely for their irregular immigration status — they …