Category

Rule of Law

Defiance of courts, attacks on judiciary, and erosion of democratic institutions

65 incidents

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

DOJ 'Grand Conspiracy' Probe of Trump's Investigators Subpoenas John Brennan to Fort Pierce Grand Jury as Lead Prosecutor Quits (September 2026)

The Justice Department is using a Florida grand jury to investigate the officials who once investigated Trump, on a theory that the Russia inquiry and the classified-documents case were themselves a criminal conspiracy against him. It subpoenaed former CIA Director John Brennan and former FBI personnel who worked on the Mar-a-Lago investigation. The lead prosecutor quit after reported pressure over the pace of the probe. No charges have been filed, and the targets deny wrongdoing.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Supreme Court Overturns Humphrey's Executor, Lets Trump Fire FTC Commissioner — But Blocks Fed Governor Firing (June 2026)

The Supreme Court overturned 90 years of settled law protecting independent regulatory agencies from direct presidential control, upholding Trump's firing of FTC Commissioner Rebecca Slaughter in a 6-3 ruling. A companion decision the same day blocked Trump's attempt to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — a partial check that survived, though the underlying firing attempt, based on an apparently pretextual mortgage-fraud allegation timed to her resistance on rate policy, is itself the documented harm. Together the rulings reveal a coordinated legal campaign to bring the entire independent regulatory state, including potentially the Fed, under direct presidential control.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

ICE Arrests Three Men at Manhattan Courts Days After Federal Judge Bars Courthouse Arrests

Days after a federal judge restored limits on ICE courthouse arrests, ICE agents arrested three men at Manhattan immigration courts. Advocates call it the first clear breach of two court orders; ICE denies wrongdoing but won't say how the arrests were lawful. The core harm is a federal agency appearing to shrug off a specific, recent judicial order.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

DOJ Indicts Southern Poverty Law Center for Hate-Group Monitoring Operations (May 2026)

Trump's DOJ indicted the SPLC — the nation's leading hate-group monitor — on fraud and money laundering charges for using paid informants to infiltrate white supremacist organizations, a standard law enforcement and investigative journalism practice. The SPLC pleaded not guilty on May 7–8, 2026. Legal experts called the prosecution 'as unprecedented as it is irregular.' The case is the most direct attack to date on civil society organizations that document extremism.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

DOJ Indicts James Comey Over Instagram Photo in 'Vengeance Tour' Prosecution (April 2026)

Trump's DOJ indicted former FBI Director Comey for posting an Instagram photo of seashells reading '86 47,' claiming it was a death threat. Legal experts universally called it unprecedented political prosecution. Comey faces prison time for a social media post expressing opposition to Trump's presidency. The case is part of Trump's documented 'vengeance tour' targeting political enemies.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

Immigration Judiciary Purge: 113 Judges Fired Without Due Process, Including Retaliation Against Judges Who Protected Free Speech

Over 113 immigration judges have been fired without due process since January 2025 — more firings in one year than in the entire prior history of the immigration court system. The April 2026 firing of two judges specifically because they dismissed deportation cases against pro-Palestinian activists represents direct judicial retaliation: punishing judges for ruling against the administration, fundamentally corrupting the independence of courts adjudicating life-and-death immigration cases.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

Executive Orders Targeting Law Firms Representing Trump's Opponents

Unprecedented use of executive orders to punish four law firms for representing clients adverse to the president. All four orders were struck down as unconstitutional violations of the First, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments. The campaign chilled legal representation and coerced at least nine other firms into compliance deals that remain operative.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

ICC Immunity Demands: Ultimatum to Amend Rome Statute and Exempt Americans from War Crimes Prosecution

A systematic campaign to destroy the International Criminal Court's ability to hold Americans accountable for war crimes, combining unprecedented sanctions on judges with demands to rewrite the Rome Statute itself. The campaign goes far beyond any previous US opposition to the ICC, seeking not merely non-cooperation but the permanent restructuring of international criminal justice.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

Executive Order Sanctioning International Criminal Court Officials

The administration imposed escalating sanctions on ICC officials -- including judges and prosecutors -- for investigating US citizens and allies, obstructing international criminal accountability and drawing broad condemnation from the UN and international legal community.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

Weaponization of the Department of Justice: Retaliatory Investigations and Prosecutions

Systematic weaponization of the DOJ through a retaliatory investigations unit, indictments of political opponents that were dismissed as brought by an unlawfully appointed prosecutor, mass departure of career prosecutors, and dismantlement of the Civil Rights Division and Public Integrity Section.

Grade 3 of 5: Serious Rights Violation

Weaponization of Security Clearances for Political Retaliation

A systematic campaign of security clearance revocations targeting political opponents, critics, and former officials who investigated or prosecuted Trump, including 51 intelligence officials, prosecutors, state attorneys general, and even an entire private cybersecurity company — constituting an unprecedented use of classification authority for political punishment.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Federal Election Interference Indictment: 4 Counts for Defrauding the United States

The indictment described a multi-pronged conspiracy: fabricating slates of Trump electors in seven states that Biden had won; pressuring Pence to refuse to certify or delay certification; pressuring state officials to change election results; coordinating with the Justice Department to send false claims to states; and promoting false claims of election fraud Trump knew to be false. The case was assigned to Judge Tanya Chutkan; the Supreme Court's June-July 2024 ruling on presidential immunity vacated the lower court's immunity decision and required further proceedings; Smith closed the case in November 2024 citing DOJ policy.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Mar-a-Lago Classified Documents: Indicted on 37 Federal Counts for Obstruction and Mishandling

The indictment alleged that Trump had shown classified documents to people without security clearances, directed his staff to move boxes to avoid document review, and directed his attorney to falsely certify that all subpoenaed materials had been returned — when they had not. Trump's valet Walt Nauta was indicted as a co-conspirator. The case was assigned to Judge Aileen Cannon, a Trump appointee; she dismissed the case in July 2024 on the grounds that the Special Counsel's appointment was unconstitutional. The Justice Department appealed.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Second Impeachment: Incitement of Insurrection — Impeached, Then Acquitted on Technicality

The House impeachment was adopted 232-197 with ten Republicans voting to impeach — the most bipartisan presidential impeachment in history. The single article charged Trump with incitement of insurrection for his speech at the Ellipse on January 6 and his conduct leading up to the attack. Senate Majority Leader McConnell voted to acquit on the grounds that the Senate lacked jurisdiction to try a former president, then immediately gave a speech from the Senate floor saying Trump was 'practically and morally responsible' for the attack. The acquittal was on procedural grounds, not on the merits.

Grade 5 of 5: War Crime / Crime Against Humanity

January 6 Capitol Insurrection: Incitement of an Attack on Democratic Transition of Power

Following months of false claims that the 2020 election was stolen, Trump held a rally on January 6 and incited his supporters to march to the Capitol. A mob of thousands stormed and occupied the building for hours, injuring 140 police officers, causing multiple deaths, and forcing the evacuation of Congress. Trump watched on television and, despite multiple requests, refused to call off the mob for over three hours.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

January 6: Capitol Insurrection, Incitement, Second Impeachment, Supreme Court Immunity

For hours after the Capitol was breached, Trump did not issue a clear call to stop; his 2:44 PM tweet telling rioters they were 'very special' and he 'loved' them was posted while the attack was ongoing. Congressional Republicans and aides documented attempts to get Trump to intervene that he ignored or dismissed. The second impeachment passed with 10 Republican House votes — the most bipartisan presidential impeachment vote in U.S. history. Senate Minority Leader McConnell stated on the Senate floor that Trump was 'practically and morally responsible' for January 6 before voting against conviction on jurisdictional grounds. The Supreme Court's July 1, 2024 immunity ruling effectively ended the federal prosecution.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Georgia Election Interference: Trump Demands Secretary of State 'Find' 11,780 Votes

Trump's January 2, 2021 phone call with Raffensperger was a direct attempt to pressure a state election official to falsify vote tallies. Trump made factually false claims about the election, threatened Raffensperger with unspecified legal 'risk,' and specifically demanded he 'find' a precise number of votes matching the margin Trump needed to win Georgia. Raffensperger refused. The conversation was recorded and published; Trump was later indicted for conspiracy and RICO violations in Georgia.

Grade 5 of 5: War Crime / Crime Against Humanity

Georgia Election Interference: Raffensperger Call, Pressure to Find 11,780 Votes

The January 2, 2021 call lasted approximately one hour. Trump told Raffensperger he had won Georgia by 'hundreds of thousands of votes,' cited debunked fraud claims involving suitcases of ballots, a water main break, and Dominion Voting Systems, and asked Raffensperger to recalculate — or simply declare — a Trump victory. Raffensperger told Trump his information was wrong. Trump's lawyers and chief of staff were also on the call. Raffensperger's attorney Ryan Germany debunked specific claims in real time during the call. The recorded call was the most explicit documented example of Trump personally pressuring a state election official to alter certified results. The Fulton County indictment in August 2023 charged Trump under Georgia's RICO statute.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Georgia Call: Trump Pressured Secretary of State to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election

Trump spent approximately an hour on the call with Raffensperger, his deputy, and Trump's attorneys, pressing Raffensperger to reverse Georgia's certified presidential election results. He made multiple false claims about fraud that Raffensperger repeatedly corrected in real time. Trump told Raffensperger 'there's nothing wrong with saying, you know, that you've recalculated' and that finding 11,780 votes would put Trump ahead in Georgia. Raffensperger refused. The call recording was published; Trump's Georgia indictment in August 2023 cited it as a central piece of evidence.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

First-Term Pardons: Rewarding Allies Who Protected Trump from Prosecution

Trump's end-of-term pardons formed a pattern: the beneficiaries were overwhelmingly personal associates, political allies, or people whose silence or loyalty had protected Trump from prosecutorial pressure. Manafort and Stone had both been convicted in Mueller's investigation. Flynn had pleaded guilty twice to lying to the FBI. Bannon was under indictment for fraud. The pardons rewarded loyalty and silence — establishing that cooperation with investigators would not be protected, while non-cooperation would be.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

2020 Election Fraud Claims: 60+ Court Losses, No Evidence Found

Trump's legal team, led at various points by Rudy Giuliani, Sidney Powell, and Jenna Ellis, made dramatic claims in press conferences — coordinated election fraud, Dominion Voting Systems switching votes, Venezuelan electoral interference, suitcases of fake ballots — that were not supported by evidence filed in court. Judges demanded evidence; Trump's lawyers repeatedly stated in court filings that they were not alleging fraud, only procedural irregularities. CISA Director Christopher Krebs called the 2020 election 'the most secure in American history'; Trump fired him. Attorney General Barr stated the DOJ had found no evidence of fraud sufficient to change the outcome; Trump pressured him to say otherwise and Barr resigned.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Trump's COVID Infection: Experimental Treatment While Downplaying Pandemic

Trump's COVID infection came after months of publicly downplaying the disease, refusing to wear masks, and holding indoor rallies. His treatment at Walter Reed included Regeneron's experimental monoclonal antibody cocktail (not yet FDA-authorized), dexamethasone — a steroid given only to patients with severe COVID per WHO protocols — and supplemental oxygen. His doctor Sean Conley gave contradictory statements about whether Trump had needed supplemental oxygen and on what days his oxygen saturation had dropped. Trump staged a motorcade through COVID patients outside Walter Reed while contagious. Upon returning to the White House, he removed his mask for a photo op while potentially still infectious to staff.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Hatch Act Violations: Using White House and Federal Resources for Campaign Events

The 2020 Republican National Convention featured events staged at the White House — a building owned by the federal government and maintained with taxpayer funds — in ways that previous administrations of both parties had avoided. The OSC, which enforces the Hatch Act prohibiting federal employees from using their official capacity or government resources for political activity, found multiple violations. Secretary Pompeo's Jerusalem speech was the highest-profile Hatch Act referral; the OSC concluded he had violated the act. Other officials investigated included Kellyanne Conway (previously recommended for removal for Hatch Act violations in 2019). The naturalization ceremony conducted by USCIS Director Cuccinelli at the convention for five new citizens was also reviewed.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Scott Atlas and Herd Immunity: Trump's COVID Advisor Who Contradicted Scientists

Atlas was a Hoover Institution senior fellow and media commentator with no relevant credentials for pandemic response. Trump appointed him after seeing him on Fox News. Atlas advocated the Great Barrington Declaration approach — allowing the virus to spread among the young and healthy while 'protecting' the vulnerable. Public health experts pointed out this approach was not operationally feasible and would require accepting enormous numbers of preventable deaths. CDC Director Robert Redfield and the Coronavirus Task Force's other scientific advisors repeatedly contradicted Atlas. Deborah Birx described Atlas in her memoir as actively harmful to the pandemic response.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Postal Service Sabotage: DeJoy Changes, Mail Slowdowns Before 2020 Election

Louis DeJoy was appointed Postmaster General in May 2020 despite having no postal service background and being a major Republican donor. Within weeks, DeJoy implemented changes including eliminating overtime (which slowed mail delivery), removing letter-sorting machines (which processed mail faster), reducing post office hours, and ordering trucks to depart on schedule rather than wait for mail. Mail piled up. First-class mail delivery times — the metric by which election mail is typically processed — deteriorated significantly. Trump simultaneously told Fox Business the slowdown was deliberate, saying he was withholding USPS funding specifically because it would facilitate mail-in voting he opposed.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

DeJoy USPS Sabotage: Removed Sorting Machines, Slowed Mail Before 2020 Election

DeJoy's operational changes caused immediate and documented mail delays across the country. The changes were implemented months before the presidential election in which mail-in voting was expected to reach record levels due to COVID. Trump stated publicly that he was blocking Post Office funding to prevent mail-in voting. USPS removed 671 high-speed mail-sorting machines; some were dismantled before DeJoy announced a suspension of the changes in response to congressional and legal pressure. Multiple states sued. The sorting machine removals were not reversed even after the suspension.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Federal Execution Restart: 13 Executions in 6 Months — Including First Woman in 67 Years

The Trump DOJ resumed federal executions in July 2020 after 17 years with no federal executions. The 13 executions were the most in any comparable period since at least the 1940s. Attorney General Barr overrode objections from career death penalty specialists about the single-drug protocol. Multiple executions were carried out over last-minute legal challenges. Lisa Montgomery, the first woman executed by the federal government since 1953, was executed despite documented severe mental illness and a history of extreme childhood sexual abuse.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

CDC and FDA Political Interference: Science Overridden for Political Messaging

The Washington Post and New York Times documented a pattern of White House interference with CDC scientific publications. CDC reports in the MMWR — the agency's flagship peer-reviewed publication that had never previously been subject to political review — were reviewed and in some cases altered by Michael Caputo, a political appointee installed at HHS with no public health credentials. Caputo was later placed on leave after a Facebook video in which he accused CDC scientists of a 'resistance unit' against Trump. CDC Director Redfield testified that CDC school reopening guidance was replaced after Trump tweeted that it was 'very tough and expensive.' The FDA's hydroxychloroquine EUA and convalescent plasma approval were both accompanied by documented political pressure.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

COVID Misinformation: Hydroxychloroquine, Bleach Injection, UV Light Promotion

Trump promoted hydroxychloroquine at least 65 times in White House briefings before studies established it was ineffective and potentially dangerous for COVID. He suggested at an April 23, 2020 briefing that injecting disinfectants might work as treatment and asked officials to study inserting UV light 'inside the body.' Poison control centers reported a spike in calls after the disinfectant comments. The FDA granted hydroxychloroquine an Emergency Use Authorization in March 2020 under White House pressure, then revoked it in June 2020 citing 'serious cardiac adverse events.' Trump campaign donors funded oleander extract studies. His false '35% mortality improvement' claim for convalescent plasma prompted FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn to issue a correction the same day.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Diverting $3.8 Billion in Military Funds to Border Wall After Congress Refused

In February 2020, the Trump administration announced the diversion of an additional $3.8 billion in military construction funds to border wall construction — funds that had been appropriated by Congress for specific military purposes including school construction at Fort Campbell, Kentucky; housing at Guantanamo; and facilities in Germany. Military families were directly affected when promised construction projects were canceled. The GAO had previously found that Trump's withholding of congressionally appropriated Ukraine security assistance violated the Impoundment Control Act; the same statutory framework applied to the Pentagon diversions.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

COVID-19 Downplaying: Woodward Tapes Reveal Trump Knew and Lied

Trump told Woodward on February 7, 2020 that COVID-19 was 'deadly stuff' and acknowledged it was much more dangerous than the flu. On the same days he was giving Woodward these assessments, Trump was telling the public the virus was 'like the flu' and 'will disappear.' On March 19, 2020, Trump told Woodward: 'I wanted to always play it down. I still like playing it down, because I don't like to panic people.' The Woodward recordings also captured Trump describing COVID's airborne transmission weeks before public health officials acknowledged it. The U.S. death toll reached 200,000 by September 2020 when the recordings were published.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

First Impeachment: Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress Over Ukraine

The first impeachment arose from a July 25, 2019 call between Trump and Ukrainian President Zelensky in which Trump asked Ukraine to 'do us a favor' by investigating the Bidens and the 2016 election, while $391 million in congressionally approved military aid was being withheld. Ambassador Gordon Sondland testified that there was an explicit quid pro quo and 'everyone was in the loop.' Ambassador William Taylor testified that U.S. officials were told the aid was conditioned on the announcement of investigations. The Senate acquitted on party-line votes except for Romney, who voted to convict on the abuse of power article. Trump fired Sondland and Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman (who had raised the alarm about the call) two days after the acquittal.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Sondland Testimony: 'Everyone Was in the Loop' on Ukraine Quid Pro Quo

Sondland had originally testified in closed session that he had no knowledge of a quid pro quo involving military aid. After two other diplomats — William Taylor and Tim Morrison — submitted testimony contradicting Sondland's account, Sondland submitted a supplemental declaration amending his prior testimony to acknowledge he had told a Ukrainian official that the release of military assistance would likely not occur until Ukraine announced investigations. In his public testimony, Sondland went further, naming Pompeo, Mulvaney, and Bolton as aware of the arrangement and stating the quid pro quo was explicit.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Roger Stone: Convicted, Then Commuted, Then Pardoned — Witness Tampering and Obstruction Rewarded

Stone was convicted of lying to Congress about his contacts with WikiLeaks, which had published emails stolen from the Democratic National Committee and John Podesta by Russian intelligence. The jury found he had also tampered with a witness — elderly former radio host Randy Credico — to prevent him from contradicting Stone's false congressional testimony. Four prosecutors resigned from the case after political appointees overrode their sentencing recommendation. A fifth prosecutor withdrew entirely. Trump commuted Stone's sentence days before Stone was to report to prison; he issued a full pardon seven months later.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Sharpiegate: Trump Altered Official Hurricane Map with Sharpie, Pressured NOAA Scientists

Trump's September 1 tweet falsely included Alabama in Hurricane Dorian's path. The National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama, issued a correction saying Alabama was not at risk. Trump then displayed an Oval Office map showing the altered cone reaching into Alabama. Multiple officials at NOAA described feeling pressured not to contradict the president. The Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross reportedly threatened firings if NOAA scientists publicly contradicted Trump's Alabama claim. An unsigned statement supporting Trump's position was issued by NOAA over scientists' objections. A formal Inspector General investigation was opened.

Grade 5 of 5: War Crime / Crime Against Humanity

Ukraine Extortion and First Impeachment: Withholding Military Aid to Coerce Election Interference

Trump conditioned release of congressionally-approved military aid on Ukraine's announcement of investigations targeting his political rival. The scheme, exposed by a whistleblower and confirmed by multiple witnesses including Trump's own ambassador to the EU, made national security funds contingent on Trump's personal electoral interests. The House voted to impeach; the Senate acquitted on party lines after blocking witness testimony.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Barr's Mueller Report Summary: Misrepresented Findings, Withheld Report for Weeks

Mueller's investigation documented ten episodes of potential obstruction of justice and concluded that while it could not exonerate Trump, it also could not reach a traditional prosecutorial judgment because of the OLC opinion barring indictment of a sitting president. Barr's summary letter stated 'the Special Counsel did not find that the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with Russia' and that Mueller had 'not established that members of the Trump campaign conspired.' On obstruction, Barr stated on his own authority that the evidence was 'not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense' — an independent judgment Mueller had explicitly declined to make.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

National Emergency Declaration: Diverting Congress-Rejected Wall Funding

Trump had explicitly asked Congress for $5.7 billion for the border wall; Congress appropriated $1.375 billion for fencing, far less than requested. Trump signed the appropriations bill and then simultaneously declared a national emergency to bypass the congressional decision and access Pentagon funds Congress had not authorized for this purpose. He acknowledged the emergency framing was pretextual, saying at the announcement: 'I could do the wall over a longer period of time. I didn't need to do this. But I'd rather do it much faster.' Congress voted to terminate the emergency; Trump vetoed. Courts blocked parts of the diversion; the Supreme Court allowed it to proceed pending litigation.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Roger Stone: Convicted of Seven Felonies, Sentence Commuted, Then Pardoned

Stone was charged with lying to the House Intelligence Committee about his contacts with WikiLeaks during the 2016 campaign, when he served as an intermediary between the Trump campaign and WikiLeaks regarding the release of hacked Democratic emails. He also threatened a witness — radio personality Randy Credico, whom he called a 'rat' and threatened to harm his therapy dog — to prevent him from contradicting Stone's testimony. The jury of twelve convicted Stone on every count after deliberating for two days. Four prosecutors resigned from the case after the Justice Department overrode their sentencing recommendation of 7 to 9 years with a more lenient one, following Trump's tweet calling the original recommendation 'very unfair.' The federal judge sentenced Stone to 40 months.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Longest Government Shutdown in U.S. History: 35 Days Over Border Wall Funding

The shutdown began when Trump refused to sign a continuing resolution that did not include wall funding, after initially indicating he would sign a bipartisan agreement. Approximately 800,000 federal workers went without pay; those deemed 'essential' — including air traffic controllers, TSA agents, Coast Guard personnel, and federal law enforcement — were required to work without compensation. The TSA began calling out sick in significant numbers, raising aviation safety concerns. Trump reopened the government after 35 days without receiving any wall funding.

Grade 1 of 5: Significant Democratic Concern

Federal Reserve Independence Attacks: Unprecedented Presidential Pressure on Fed Chair Powell

Trump nominated Powell to chair the Federal Reserve in November 2017 and he was confirmed in February 2018. By July 2018, Trump was publicly criticizing Powell's interest rate decisions — the first time in decades a sitting president had publicly pressured the Fed chair in this manner. Over the following 18 months, Trump made more than 100 public statements criticizing the Fed's rate decisions. He called the Fed 'the biggest risk to the economy,' said the Fed had gone 'crazy' with rate increases, asked why he should have a Fed that was tightening while Europe was loosening, and repeatedly compared Powell unfavorably to Chinese central bank policy. Trump also inquired about whether he could demote or fire Powell, which advisers told him he could not legally do under the Federal Reserve Act.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Gun Violence Inaction: Parkland Promises Made and Broken, NRA Reversal

In the week following Parkland, Trump held a remarkable televised meeting with lawmakers in which he expressed support for raising the minimum age for rifle purchases to 21, comprehensive background checks, red flag laws, and even taking guns from dangerous people before due process. He told Republican lawmakers they were 'afraid' of the NRA. Within weeks, after meetings with NRA president Wayne LaPierre, Trump had reversed on raising the purchase age and most other proposals. The final federal response was an executive action banning bump stocks — the device used in the 2017 Las Vegas massacre (58 dead) — which was later struck down by the Supreme Court.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Net Neutrality Repeal: FCC Rollback of Open Internet Protections

Net neutrality rules prevented ISPs from discriminating between different types of internet traffic — from blocking competitors' services, throttling streaming video, or creating 'fast lanes' for content providers willing to pay. The Trump FCC repeal removed those protections, reclassifying broadband as an information service rather than a utility. States including California passed their own net neutrality rules; the legal status remained contested through Trump's first term.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Opioid Crisis: Declared Emergency Without Funding, Commission Recommendations Ignored

The Christie Commission had explicitly recommended declaring a national emergency under the Stafford Act or the Public Health Service Act, which would have freed up billions in emergency funding and allowed waiver of normal bureaucratic requirements. Trump instead declared a 'public health emergency' under a different statute (the Public Health Service Act § 319), which allowed no new money unless Congress appropriated it. Congress had not appropriated it. The declaration was described by public health experts as largely symbolic. Drug overdose deaths continued to rise throughout Trump's term.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Hurricane Maria: Catastrophic Federal Failure in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico lost nearly all electrical power — the largest power outage in U.S. history at that point. FEMA's response was slower and less resourced than its response to simultaneous Hurricane Harvey in Texas. The Jones Act (prohibiting foreign ships from transporting cargo between U.S. ports) was waived immediately for Texas and Florida but not for Puerto Rico until 11 days after landfall. Trump attacked Mayor Cruz personally, calling her 'nasty' and suggesting Puerto Ricans wanted 'everything done for them.' Trump's visit ten days after the storm became notorious when he tossed paper towel rolls into a crowd of disaster survivors. Harvard's independent study estimated 4,645 deaths attributable to the storm and its aftermath — 73 times the official government count.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Hurricane Irma: Virgin Islands and Federal Disaster Response Disparities

Hurricane Irma was among the most powerful Atlantic storms ever recorded at the time of landfall. The U.S. Virgin Islands sustained catastrophic damage: Saint John lost 90% of its structures, the power grid was destroyed, and the water supply was disrupted. Federal response, while eventually mobilized, faced significant delays and resource gaps compared to responses to Florida and Texas in the same hurricane season. The Virgin Islands Governor Kenneth Mapp criticized the federal response as inadequate. The contrast between response speeds for voting-status U.S. territories (Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico) versus states became a subject of policy debate and congressional hearings.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

ACA Repeal Failure: Skinny Repeal Defeated, 23 Million Would Have Lost Coverage

The Republican-led repeal effort over seven months produced several bills that the CBO estimated would cause tens of millions of Americans to lose health insurance. The final attempt — 'skinny repeal' — was a bill so limited in scope that even its Republican proponents did not want it to become law; its stated purpose was to pass something into conference. John McCain, who had returned from brain cancer treatment to cast the deciding vote, gave a thumbs-down at 1:30 AM to defeat the bill 51-49. Trump's response was to blame Republicans and to threaten to withhold the cost-sharing reduction payments that stabilized the ACA market, causing premiums to rise.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

DOJ Independence: Attacking Prosecutors, Demanding Investigations of Political Opponents

Trump's attacks on DOJ independence were systematic across four years. He publicly tweeted demands for prosecution of Clinton and others; pressured Sessions to unrecuse and Rosenstein to limit Mueller's investigation; fired Comey; asked Mueller to be fired (stopped only by White House counsel Don McGahn's threatened resignation); demanded investigation of the FBI's origins investigation; and in December 2020–January 2021 pressured acting AG Jeffrey Rosen to pursue election fraud claims after Bill Barr had resigned rather than act on them. The January 3, 2021 Oval Office meeting in which Trump demanded Rosen be replaced with Jeffrey Clark — who would have sent false letters to state officials claiming DOJ had found election fraud — was documented in Senate Judiciary Committee testimony.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Mueller Investigation Obstruction: Witness Tampering, McGahn, Flynn Pardon Signal

The Mueller Report documented a sustained pattern of obstruction. Trump ordered McGahn to fire Mueller in June 2017; McGahn refused and prepared to resign. Trump later ordered McGahn to publicly deny having received this order; McGahn refused. Trump publicly praised associates who did not cooperate and attacked those who did. His private communications with Manafort were described in court filings as reassuring Manafort that a pardon was a possibility, potentially discouraging cooperation. Mueller concluded that Congress, not the Special Counsel, was the appropriate institution to address obstruction given OLC policy against indicting a sitting president.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Voter Fraud Commission: Using Government Power to Propagate Election Lies

The commission was predicated on Trump's false claim that he had lost the popular vote by nearly 3 million due to illegal voting. It attempted to collect sensitive voter data including partial Social Security numbers, party affiliation, and voting history from all states. The ACLU and states sued over the data collection demands. The commission found no fraud, was shut down in January 2018, and its work was handed to DHS — where it also produced no substantive findings. Critics documented its primary purpose as political: to validate Trump's fraud claims and build infrastructure for voter suppression.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Firing James Comey: Obstruction of Justice and Attack on FBI Independence

Trump fired FBI Director Comey while Comey's bureau was investigating Trump campaign ties to Russia. Trump's own statements to Lester Holt and to Russian officials — that the firing relieved 'great pressure' from the Russia investigation — directly contradicted the White House's stated justifications. Mueller's report identified ten episodes of potential obstruction and declined to exonerate Trump; it explicitly left open the question of indictment.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

James Comey Firing: Obstruction of the Russia Investigation

The Comey firing followed Trump's request to Comey for 'loyalty' and a request to drop the investigation of Michael Flynn. Comey had declined both. After the firing, Trump told NBC: 'When I decided to just do it, I said to myself, I said, you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story.' In a meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov and Ambassador Kislyak the next day, Trump reportedly said firing Comey had taken 'great pressure' off him. The Mueller report identified 10 instances of potential obstruction; regarding the Comey firing specifically, Mueller found 'substantial evidence' of corrupt intent but did not recommend charges based on DOJ policy.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Sessions Recusal, AG Firing, and the Mueller Obstruction Pattern

Sessions's recusal created the conditions for the appointment of Special Counsel Robert Mueller, since it meant Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein oversaw the Russia investigation. Trump spent 20 months publicly attacking Sessions for his recusal — including in tweets, press statements, and reporting — while his private conduct (documented by Mueller) included repeated instructions that Sessions should 'unrecuse' himself and take control of the investigation. The day after the 2018 midterm elections, Trump demanded and received Sessions's resignation, replacing him with Matthew Whitaker — a move DOJ legal scholars argued was designed to install an acting AG who would not be recused from the Russia investigation.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

First-Term Attacks on Press Freedom: 'Enemy of the People' and Institutional Delegitimization

Trump used the phrase 'enemy of the people' to describe mainstream media more than 30 times, echoing language used by Stalin, Mao, and other authoritarian leaders. His administration attempted to ban reporters from press briefings, challenged broadcast licenses in apparent retaliation for critical coverage, encouraged legal changes to make it easier to sue journalists, and called for investigations of reporters. International press freedom organizations documented the global impact: Trump's rhetoric gave cover to authoritarian leaders from Turkey to the Philippines to justify imprisoning journalists.

Grade 5 of 5: War Crime / Crime Against Humanity

Judicial Appointments: Packing Courts with Ideological Judges Who Lied at Confirmation

The Trump-McConnell judicial project placed 226 federal judges and three Supreme Court justices — the highest court transformation since Reagan. Kavanaugh was confirmed in a process widely criticized for inadequate FBI investigation of sexual assault allegations. Barrett was confirmed after McConnell refused to hold hearings for Merrick Garland for 293 days, then confirmed Barrett in 27 days. Justices Kavanaugh, Barrett, and Gorsuch each made statements about settled law at confirmation that were contradicted by their votes in Dobbs v. Jackson.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Environmental Deregulation: 100+ Rules Rolled Back Across Four Years

The administration's approach was systematic: identify Obama-era environmental regulations, determine legal and administrative mechanisms for reversal, and implement reversals. The rollbacks covered air quality, water quality, climate, wildlife, and chemical safety. The vehicle emissions standards rollback was estimated to add approximately one billion tons of additional carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by 2035. Courts overturned many of the rollbacks, finding procedural defects. The Biden administration reversed the majority of the remaining reversals. The cumulative effect on environmental law precedent and the transition costs of the repeated changes were lasting.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Michael Flynn: National Security Adviser Lied to FBI, Trump Pressured Comey, Flynn Pardoned

Flynn's conversations with Kislyak on December 29, 2016 — the day President Obama announced sanctions against Russia for election interference — were intercepted by U.S. intelligence. Flynn told Pence the conversations had not touched on sanctions; Pence publicly repeated that claim. After the Washington Post reported Flynn had indeed discussed sanctions, Flynn resigned. On January 27, 2017, Trump told Comey at a one-on-one dinner that he hoped Comey could let the Flynn investigation go. Comey did not drop it. Trump fired Comey on May 9, 2017. Flynn pleaded guilty December 1, 2017. His cooperation with Mueller provided significant intelligence about the transition period. Trump pardoned Flynn in November 2020, after Flynn had withdrawn his guilty plea.

Grade 1 of 5: Significant Democratic Concern

White House Press Briefings: Documented Lies to Press and Public Under Oath Admission

Sanders told reporters in May 2017 that the reason Trump fired Comey was that FBI rank-and-file agents had lost confidence in him — a claim supported by the White House's stated justification for the firing. When Mueller's investigators interviewed Sanders, she acknowledged that statement had not been based on anything, that she had made it up in the moment, and that it was a 'slip of the tongue.' The Mueller Report quoted her directly: the claim was not based on 'any of the things you heard.' Other documented false claims from the briefing room included statements about the Trump Tower meeting, Trump's involvement in drafting a misleading statement about the meeting, and numerous false claims about immigration, trade, and policy matters that fact-checkers documented.

Grade 2 of 5: Major Abuse of Power

Inauguration Crowd Lies: The First Day and the War on Truth

Trump demanded his Press Secretary go before the press to insist crowd comparisons showing his inauguration was smaller than Obama's were dishonest — a claim contradicted by photographic evidence, aerial comparisons, Metro ridership figures, and National Park Service estimates. Counselor Kellyanne Conway defended Spicer by coining the phrase 'alternative facts.' The incident, on the first full day of the administration, set the template for four years of routine government deception.

Grade 4 of 5: Critical Rights and Rule-of-Law Concern

Intelligence Community Attacks: CIA Briefings Undermined, Officials Publicly Attacked

Trump's attacks on the intelligence community followed a pattern: dispute assessments that reflected poorly on him or contradicted foreign governments he was cultivating, attack the officials who provided them, reward officials who shaped assessments to his preferences, and revoke credentials of critics. He disputed the CIA's assessments of Saudi Crown Prince MBS's role in the Khashoggi murder, Russian interference in the 2016 election, North Korean nuclear progress, and Iranian nuclear program compliance. He revoked the security clearances of six former senior officials — all critics — and installed loyalists in acting DNI and other positions.