Legal Framework

Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions — Article 56

Provides special protection for dams, dykes, and nuclear power stations, prohibiting attacks that could release dangerous forces causing severe civilian losses, even when these installations qualify as military objectives.

Related incidents

3 incidents

Trump Issues Ultimatum: 'A Whole Civilization Will Die Tonight' Unless Iran Capitulates

Trump's explicit threats to destroy all civilian infrastructure in Iran — every bridge, every power plant — with the stated goal of ensuring Iran 'could literally never rebuild as a nation again' …

  • Trump stated 'Every bridge in Iran will be decimated by 12 o'clock tomorrow night, every power plant will be out of business, burning, …
  • Trump warned 'a whole civilization will die tonight' unless Iran agreed to reopen the Strait of Hormuz by his Tuesday 8 PM ET deadline.

Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure

Trump's explicit threat to destroy Iran's civilian power infrastructure constitutes a per se violation of international humanitarian law. The threats escalated from 'obliterate' to a promise of …

  • Trump explicitly threatened to 'obliterate' Iran's power plants, which Amnesty International assessed as a 'threat to commit war crimes' -- …
  • As of March 21, 2026, the Iran war has killed at least 5,900 people including 595 documented civilians, according to the Hengaw …

Repeated Strikes Near Iran's Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Risk Radioactive Catastrophe

Repeated strikes near Bushehr nuclear power plant violate Additional Protocol I Article 56's specific protection of nuclear electrical generating stations. Even without a radiation release, strikes on …

  • Iran's Bushehr nuclear power plant has been struck by projectiles at least four times since the war began on February 28, 2026.
  • One security guard was killed and a side building was damaged in the April 4 strike.