{"slug":"trump-immigration-travel-ban-muslim-countries","title":"Travel Ban: Muslim-Majority Country Restrictions Through Three Iterations","date":"2017-01-27","lastUpdated":"2018-06-26","description":"Trump issued three successive executive orders restricting travel from Muslim-majority countries. The first (EO 13769, January 27, 2017) was immediately challenged and blocked, creating chaos at airports. The second (EO 13780, March 6, 2017) was also blocked. The third (Presidential Proclamation 9645, September 24, 2017) was upheld by the Supreme Court 5-4 in Trump v. Hawaii (June 26, 2018). The Supreme Court majority ruled the proclamation was within presidential authority over immigration; the dissent and critics noted that Trump's own statements — including calls during the campaign for 'a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States' — documented the discriminatory intent.","summary":"The travel ban's anti-Muslim intent was documented in Trump's own public statements: before the first order, Trump had called for 'a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States'; Rudy Giuliani publicly stated Trump had asked him how to create 'a Muslim ban' legally. The first order's implementation — without agency coordination, applying immediately to green card holders, causing chaos and hundreds of detentions at airports — forced a broad injunction within hours. Courts repeatedly found discriminatory intent. The Supreme Court ultimately upheld the third version, with Chief Justice Roberts's majority explicitly declining to assess whether the stated national security justification was pretextual.","category":"civil-rights","severity":"critical","ongoing":false,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/us/politics/supreme-court-trump-travel-ban.html","title":"Supreme Court Upholds Travel Ban","publisher":"The New York Times"},{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-travel-ban-muslim-majority-countries/2018/06/26/story.html","title":"Supreme Court upholds Trump travel ban in 5-4 ruling","publisher":"The Washington Post"},{"url":"https://apnews.com/article/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court-ruling","title":"Supreme Court upholds Trump travel ban","publisher":"The Associated Press"},{"url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/17-965_h315.pdf","title":"Trump v. Hawaii — Supreme Court opinion","publisher":"U.S. Supreme Court"}],"draft":false,"status":"published","tags":["travel-ban","Muslim-ban","immigration","civil-rights","first-term","Supreme-Court","religious-discrimination"],"relatedEntries":[],"timeline":[{"date":"2015-12-07","title":"Trump calls for 'total and complete shutdown of Muslims'","summary":"Trump releases a campaign statement calling for 'a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States' — the stated origin of the travel ban policy, documented in his own press release."},{"date":"2017-01-27","title":"EO 13769: immediate chaos, airport detentions","summary":"Trump signs the first travel ban at 4:42 PM Friday with immediate effect. No agency coordination. Green card holders included. Hundreds detained at airports. Emergency stay issued before midnight by federal judge."},{"date":"2017-03-06","title":"EO 13780: revised ban — also blocked","summary":"Revised travel ban removes green card holders and Iraq. Courts block it anyway, citing discriminatory intent established by Trump's own public statements."},{"date":"2017-09-24","title":"Presidential Proclamation 9645: third version","summary":"Third version with more procedural cover of national security review. Courts initially block parts; Supreme Court allows enforcement pending full review."},{"date":"2018-06-26","title":"Supreme Court upholds third travel ban 5-4","summary":"Supreme Court upholds the travel ban in Trump v. Hawaii. Majority declines to assess whether the stated national security justification was pretextual. Sotomayor dissent draws parallel to Japanese internment."}],"location":{"name":"Washington, D.C.","lat":38.9072,"lng":-77.0369},"custom":{"era":"first-term","posture":"judicial-finding","warCrimeClassification":"enabling","internationalLaw":[{"statute":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","article":"Article 18","provision":"Freedom of religion — systematic restriction on entry from Muslim-majority countries without individualized assessment raises Article 18 non-discrimination concerns"},{"statute":"Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees","article":"Article 33","provision":"Non-refoulement — blanket exclusion of refugee applicants from specified countries"}],"iccRelevance":false,"victims":"Nationals of affected countries separated from family members; visa holders and green card holders stranded abroad; refugee applicants whose resettlement was suspended; Muslim communities in affected countries","structuredPerpetrators":[{"name":"Donald Trump","role":"President; signed three successive travel restriction orders; had publicly called for a 'total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States'","institution":"White House"}],"updateLog":[{"date":"2018-06-26","summary":"Updated with Supreme Court ruling."}]}}