{"slug":"muslim-ban-executive-order","title":"Muslim Travel Ban: Executive Orders 13769, 13780, and Presidential Proclamation 9645","date":"2017-01-27","lastUpdated":"2017-10-24","description":"Three successive executive orders and a proclamation barred nationals of predominantly Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States — a policy the Supreme Court ultimately allowed to take effect while courts debated whether the stated national-security rationale masked religious discrimination.","summary":"Trump signed an initial travel ban on January 27, 2017, halting entry from seven Muslim-majority countries and suspending the refugee program. After courts blocked it, the administration issued revised versions that scaled back explicit language while preserving the core country-specific restrictions. The Supreme Court allowed a third version to take full effect in December 2017.","category":"civil-rights","severity":"critical","ongoing":false,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/trump-syrian-refugees.html","title":"Trump Bars Refugees and Citizens of 7 Muslim Countries","publisher":"The New York Times"},{"url":"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/trump-signs-muslim-ban-aclu-responds-lawsuits","title":"Trump Signs Muslim Ban, ACLU Responds with Lawsuits","publisher":"ACLU"},{"url":"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/585/17-965/","title":"Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667 (2018)","publisher":"U.S. Supreme Court"},{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/trump-travel-ban-timeline/2018/06/26/b6aa5f7c-793b-11e8-a628-b0ab9db27cb1_story.html","title":"Timeline of Trump travel ban","publisher":"The Washington Post"},{"url":"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/01/17/how-trump-travel-ban-has-affected-muslims-from-targeted-countries/","title":"How the Trump travel ban has affected Muslims from targeted countries","publisher":"Pew Research Center"}],"draft":false,"status":"published","tags":["muslim-ban","travel-ban","immigration","religious-discrimination","first-term","executive-order","refugee-ban"],"relatedEntries":[],"timeline":[{"date":"2017-01-27","title":"EO 13769 signed","summary":"Trump signs Executive Order 13769, halting entry from seven Muslim-majority countries and suspending the refugee program for 120 days. Chaos erupts at airports; green card holders and visa holders are detained or turned away."},{"date":"2017-01-28","title":"Federal courts issue emergency stays","summary":"Judges in New York, Virginia, Massachusetts, and Washington issue emergency stays blocking enforcement. ACLU files habeas corpus suits at JFK Airport."},{"date":"2017-02-03","title":"Ninth Circuit refuses to reinstate ban","summary":"A three-judge Ninth Circuit panel unanimously refuses to reinstate EO 13769 while litigation proceeds, finding states had standing and the order likely violated due process."},{"date":"2017-03-06","title":"EO 13780 — revised ban signed","summary":"Trump signs a revised order removing Iraq, eliminating language prioritizing Christian refugees, and dropping indefinite bans on Syrian refugees. Courts still block it."},{"date":"2017-09-24","title":"Presidential Proclamation 9645 — third version","summary":"A presidential proclamation issues indefinite country-specific restrictions on Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela (government officials), and Yemen — based on countries' failure to meet information-sharing standards."},{"date":"2017-12-04","title":"Supreme Court allows Proclamation 9645 to take full effect","summary":"The Supreme Court grants the government's applications to stay lower court injunctions, allowing the third-generation ban to take effect while appeals proceed."},{"date":"2018-06-26","title":"Supreme Court upholds ban 5-4","summary":"In Trump v. Hawaii, the Supreme Court upholds the third ban 5-4, deferring to the executive's broad authority over immigration and national security. Justice Sotomayor's dissent compares the ruling to Korematsu."},{"date":"2021-01-20","title":"Biden revokes all travel bans","summary":"President Biden revokes EO 13769, EO 13780, and PP 9645 on his first day in office."}],"location":{"name":"Washington, DC","lat":38.9072,"lng":-77.0369},"custom":{"era":"first-term","posture":"judicial-finding","warCrimeClassification":"potential","internationalLaw":[{"statute":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","article":"Article 18","provision":"Freedom of religion and belief — prohibition on discriminatory restrictions on entry based on religion"},{"statute":"1951 Refugee Convention","article":"Article 3","provision":"Non-discrimination — refugees entitled to protection regardless of religion"},{"statute":"1951 Refugee Convention","article":"Article 33","provision":"Non-refoulement — prohibition on return to countries where persons face serious risk of persecution"}],"iccRelevance":false,"updateLog":[{"date":"2018-06-26","summary":"Updated with Supreme Court ruling in Trump v. Hawaii."},{"date":"2021-01-20","summary":"Ban revoked by Biden administration."}]}}